Amategeko y’ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije abuza Volkswagen gufunga uruganda rukora amashanyarazi muri Tennessee rwibasiwe n’ubumwe bw’abakozi bakora.Ku ya 18 Ukuboza 2023, hashyizweho icyapa gishyigikira United Workers Workers Workers hanze y’uruganda rwa Volkswagen i Chattanooga, muri Tennesse.Ikigo cyo muri Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) kuri uyu wa gatatu cyasoje amategeko mashya y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku binyabiziga by’Abanyamerika, itegeko rikomeye ry’ikirere ritaremezwa n’ubuyobozi bwa Biden.Mu gihe amategeko arekuye kurusha icyifuzo cy’umwaka ushize, giha amasosiyete y’imodoka igihe kinini cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, intego rusange iracyari ukugabanya ibyuka byangiza imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone mu modoka mu 2032. Aya mategeko kandi agabanya kwinjiza ibindi byangiza by’ubumara biva imbere.Imashini yaka imbere, nka soot na okiside ya azote.
Nubwo amategeko ari "tekinoloji idafite aho ibogamiye", bivuze ko amasosiyete y’imodoka ashobora kugera ku ntego z’ibyuka bihumanya mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose babona ko bukwiye, kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho amasosiyete agomba rwose kugurisha imodoka nyinshi z’amashanyarazi, haba muri rusange cyangwa igice (urugero, imvange cyangwa gucomeka muri Hybrid).Ikigo cyo muri Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije kivuga ko ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi bizagira 56% (cyangwa birenga) byo kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya mu myaka 2030–2032.
Hazabaho andi mabwiriza, harimo ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu ubukungu bwa peteroli hamwe n’amabwiriza atandukanye ya EPA ku makamyo aremereye.Ariko iri tegeko ryo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku kirere n’ubuzima rusange bw’abantu bahumeka kandi bababaye bitewe n’ibyo. Ibyo ni ukubera ko indege ya mbere y’indege ya UAW igerageza gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zayo zitinyutse zo gutunganya amamodoka adahuza muri Amerika yabayeho ku ruganda rwa Volkswagen i Chattanooga, muri Tennesse.Ibicuruzwa by’uruganda n’ibinyabiziga byonyine by’amashanyarazi ya Volkswagen muri iki gihe bikorerwa muri Amerika, ndetse n’igihe ntarengwa cyagenwe n’amategeko mashya, ntibishoboka rwose gufunga uruganda cyangwa kwimura ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi ahandi.Ibi bibuza abatavuga rumwe na UAW impaka zingenzi bakunze kurwanya kurwanya ubumwe: ko niba ubumwe bugenda neza, ubucuruzi buzabura ubucuruzi cyangwa guhatirwa gufunga.
UAW yasunitse umwaka ushize kugirango igabanye icyiciro, ariko bigaragara ko inyuzwe na verisiyo yanyuma.Ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe y’abakozi ryatangaje ko "gushyiraho amabwiriza akomeye y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere" "bisobanurira inzira abakora ibinyabiziga gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwose bw’ikoranabuhanga ry’imodoka kugira ngo bagabanye ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ... Twanze ibirego by’iterabwoba ari byo byakemura iki kibazo."Ikibazo. "Ikibazo cy’ikirere gikwiye kubabaza imirimo y’ubumwe. Mubyukuri, muriki gihe, bizafasha ayo mashyirahamwe gukora.
Muri iki cyumweru, abakozi ba United Auto Workers batangaje ko basabye kwiyamamariza amatora y’ubumwe ku ruganda rwa Chattanooga rwa Volkswagen, rukoresha abakozi 4.300 buri saha mu ishami ryarwo.Uru ruganda ruzatangira kubyaza umusaruro ID.4, SUV ifite amashanyarazi yose, guhera mu 2022. Ni imodoka y’amashanyarazi y’isosiyete kandi yiswe "umuyobozi ukurikira wa Volkswagen muri Amerika."
ID.Ibyuma, imbere imbere, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike na bateri bikozwe muri Amerika.Icy'ingenzi kuri Volkswagen, urwego rwo gutanga rumaze kuba.
Corey Kantor, mugenzi we mukuru w’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi muri Bloomberg New Energy Finance yagize ati: "Nta kuntu bagiye gufunga uru ruganda."Yagaragaje ko ID.4 ihwanye na 11.5% by’ibicuruzwa byose bya Volkswagen byagurishijwe muri Amerika, kandi guhagarika ubwo buryo byaba ari bibi ku bucuruzi kuko amabwiriza y’ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere azashyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2027 noneho byatuma Volkswagen idashobora kubahiriza;amategeko.Ndetse na John Bozzella, perezida wa Automotive Innovation Alliance, itsinda rikomeye mu bucuruzi mu nganda, yavuze ko yasubije itegeko rishya rya EPA ko "ejo hazaza ari amashanyarazi."Iterambere mu majyepfo rizumvikana nubundi bucuruzi UAW igerageza gutegura.Kwimura umusaruro wa ID.4 ahandi hantu bizagorana kimwe.Ikigo cya Chattanooga kirimo uruganda ruteranya bateri na laboratoire yo guteza imbere batiri.Isosiyete yatangaje ko Chattanooga ari ihuriro ryayo rya EV mu mwaka wa 2019 kandi ntiyatangiye kubyaza umusaruro EVS nyuma yimyaka itatu.Hamwe namabwiriza yumurizo hasigaye imyaka mike, Volkswagen ntamwanya wo kuvugurura urwego rutanga nta kwiyamamaza kwagenze neza.
Mu kwezi gushize, Outlook yanditse ku bijyanye n’ubukangurambaga bw’indege ya Volkswagen, ivuga ko mu bikorwa byabanje gukorwa muri uru ruganda guhera mu 2014, abayobozi ba politiki ba Leta, amatsinda y’amasosiyete ndetse n’abayobozi b’urugaga rw’ubumwe bw’abakozi basabye gufunga uruganda.guhuriza hamwe.Abayobozi basangiye ingingo zerekeye ihagarikwa rya Volkswagen mu 1988 mu ntara ya Westmoreland, muri Pennsylvania, ryashinjwaga ibikorwa bya UAW.. Mu kwezi gushize, Yolanda Peoples ukora ku murongo wo guteranya moteri, yabwiye The Outlook ati: "Ntabwo bakora aya mahugurwa yose kugira ngo batore kandi bagende."
Nibyo, amatsinda yibumbiye hamwe ashobora guhangana nubutegetsi bwa EPA, kandi niba republika ifashe ubutegetsi umwaka utaha, barashobora kugerageza kuyikuraho.Ariko Californiya ikomeje gukurikiza amabwiriza y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bizagerageza kugerageza guhungabanya umutekano, kubera ko igihugu kinini muri iki gihugu gishobora gushyiraho amategeko ashyiraho amahame yacyo kandi ibindi bihugu byinshi bikurikiza.Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, mu cyifuzo cyazo cyo kumenya ukuri no guhuza, akenshi zubahiriza aya mahame.Nubwo bitaba ibyo, hazabera amatora muri Chattanooga mbere yuko uburenganzira bufata icyemezo icyo ari cyo cyose ku mabwiriza ya EPA.Hatariho igikoresho cyabo nyamukuru cyo gutera ubwoba abakozi, abatavuga rumwe n’ubumwe bagomba kurengera uburenganzira bwabo batora abakozi batandukanye kurusha uruganda rwahoze.Ibisubizo by'amajwi abiri yabanjirije inganda za VW byari hafi cyane;garanti yukuri ko uruganda ruzakomeza gutera imbere hatitawe kumiterere yubumwe byari bihagije kugirango rutere imbere.Ibi nibyingenzi kubakozi ba Volkswagen, ariko kandi nibyingenzi kubindi bigo byinganda.Iterambere mu majyepfo rizumvikana nubundi bucuruzi UAW igerageza gutegura.Harimo uruganda rwa Mercedes i Vance, muri Alabama, aho kimwe cya kabiri cy’abakozi basinyiye amakarita y’ubumwe, n’uruganda rwa Hyundai, Alabama na Toyota muri Missouri, aho abakozi barenga 30% basinyiye amakarita y’ubumwe).Ihuriro ryiyemeje miliyoni 40 z'amadolari mu myaka ibiri iri imbere kugira ngo ritegure ibi hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho byinshi by’imodoka na batiri, cyane cyane mu majyepfo.Ugereranije n'umubare w'abakozi bagenewe, niwo mubare munini w'inkunga yatanzwe na sendika itegura ubukangurambaga mu mateka ya Amerika.
Hyundai iri gutezimbere ingamba zayo zamashanyarazi.Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi muri iki gihe zikorerwa muri Koreya yepfo, kandi muri Jeworujiya hubakwa uruganda rukora amashanyarazi.Izi sosiyete zose zigomba kwimura umusaruro wa EV hano niba zishaka kubahiriza no kugera mumihanda ya Amerika.Niba Volkswagen ifashe iyambere muguhuza inganda zayo zikoresha amashanyarazi, bizafasha andi masosiyete kubikurikiza.Ingabo zirwanya ubumwe zizi ko amatora ya Volkswagen ari ingenzi cyane niba inganda z’imodoka zishobora gutera umurego w’ubumwe.Mu mwaka ushize, Depite Scott Sepicki (R), Tennessee yagize ati: "Ibumoso bwifuza Tennessee cyane kuko nibatubona, Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo azagwa kandi bizabera umukino wa repubulika."Ntabwo inganda zimodoka gusa zishobora kubona intambwe mubumwe.Ubutwari burandura.Irashobora guhagarika kugenzura ahandi bakorera mu majyepfo, hamwe nimbaraga zamashyirahamwe yinganda nka Amazone Teamsters.Ibi birashobora kwereka ubumwe bwose muri Amerika ko gushora mumuryango bishobora gutanga ibisubizo.Nkuko mugenzi wanjye Harold Meyerson yabivuze, imbaraga za UAW zirwanya ikibazo cy’imirimo itesha agaciro amashyirahamwe agamije kurengera abanyamuryango bagifite.Amategeko agenga umurimo muri Amerika aracyafite imbogamizi mu gutunganya, ariko UAW ifite ibintu byinshi bikora neza, kandi amabwiriza ya EPA yongeraho andi.Ibi birashobora gufasha gukora urubura kubakozi kwisi yose.
Ubwikorezi bwohereza imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu kirere kurusha izindi nzego.Amabwiriza ya EPA ninzira yingenzi yo gukemura iki kibazo.Ariko ubushake bwe bwo guhanga imirimo myiza, ihembwa n’ubumwe bushobora gufasha gushimangira ihuriro ry’inzibacyuho.Mu buryo bumwe, uyu ushobora kuba umurage wingenzi wiki gikorwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2024